MyFirstRails

小説投稿サイト サンプル

概要

Railsにこれから初めて触れる方を対象にしたチュートリアルです

ログイン機能もある小説投稿サイトを作成するチュートリアルになります

チュートリアル

Railsのひな型を作る

まず、rails newを実行し、Railsのひな型を作成します

rails new novel_post --webpack=stimulus

--webpackはRailsでWeboackを使いやすくしたWebpackerというものを使用するというオプションです

Vue、React、Angular、Elm、Stimulusを使用することができます

今回はStimulusを使用するので--webpack=stimulusとしています ちなみに、StimulusはRailsの生みの親であるDHH氏がCTOを務めるBasecampが開発したJavaScriptフレームワークです 非常にシンプルで動きのあるWebを実現できます

次に、作成したRailsアプリのディレクトリへと移動します。

cd novel_post

Foremanを使う

Webpackerを使う場合、ruby ./bin/webpack-dev-serverというコマンドを実行しつつ、rails sでローカルサーバーを起動する必要があります

その為、現状のままではターミナルを複数開いておく必要があり、少々面倒です

そこで、複数のコマンドを並列して実行できるforemanを使用します

まず、Gemfilegem 'foreman'を追記します

gem 'foreman'

その後、bundle install

bundle install

次に、foremanで使用するProcfile.devを作成します

web: bundle exec rails s
webpacker: ruby ./bin/webpack-dev-server

あとは、foreman start -f Procfile.devをターミナルで実行するだけです

foreman start -f Procfile.dev

localhost:5000にアクセスできればOkです(foremanを使用する場合、使用するポートが5000へと変更されています)

SQLite3のバージョンを修正

先ほどのrails newsqlite3のインストールがエラーになっている場合は、以下のようにバージョンを修正します

gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.13'

その後、bundle installを実行します

bundle install

これでOKです!

ScaffoldでCRUDを作成

rails g scaffold コマンドを使い、質問投稿のひな型を作成します

rails g scaffold novel title:string content:text

その後、rails db:migrateでマイグレーションを行います

rails db:migrate

config/routes.rbを修正し、rootへのルーティングを作成します


Rails.application.routes.draw do
  root 'novels#index'
  resources :novels
  # For details on the DSL available within this file, see http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html
end

あとはforeman start -f Procfile.devを実行して、localhost:5000にアクセスします ページが表示されていればOKです

コメント機能の作成

質問投稿サイトですので、コメントを投稿できるようにしたいと思います

まず、コメントを取り扱うCommentモデルを作成します。

rails g model comment content:text novel:references

マイグレーションを行います

rails db:migrate

app/models/novel.rbCommentとの関連付けを記述します

class Novel < ApplicationRecord
    has_many :comments
end

そして、config/routes.rb にてルーティングを設定します

Rails.application.routes.draw do
 root 'novels#index'
  resources :novels do
    resources :comments, :only => [:create, :destroy]
  end
  # For details on the DSL available within this file, see http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html
end

次に、各質問へのコメントフォームを作成していきます。

まずは下記のようにapp/views/novels/show.html.erbを変更します

<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>

<p>
  <strong>Title:</strong>
  <%= @novel.title %>
</p>

<p>
  <strong>Content:</strong>
  <%= @novel.content %>
</p>

<h2>Comments</h2>
  <div id="comments">
    <%= render @novel.comments %>
  </div>

<%= render 'comments/new', novel: @novel %> 

<%= link_to 'Edit', edit_novel_path(@novel) %> |
<%= link_to 'Back', novels_path %>

変更箇所としてはこの部分になります

<h2>Comments</h2>
  <div id="comments">
    <%= render @novel.comments %>
  </div>

<%= render 'comments/new', novel: @novel %> 

<%= render @novel.comments %> の部分でコメントを一覧できるviewファイルをパーシャルとして呼び出しています

また、<%= render 'comments/new', novel: @novel %> の部分では新規作成するコメントのviewファイルをパーシャルとして呼び出しています

パーシャルとして呼び出している部分をそれぞれ作っていきます

まず、app/views/comments/_comment.html.erb を作成し、下記のようにします。

<p><%= comment.content %></p>
<p><%= link_to "Delete", [@novel, comment], method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %>

次に、app/views/comments/_new.html.erbを作成します

<%= form_with(model: [ @novel, Comment.new ], remote: true) do |form| %>
    Your Comment:<br>
    <%= form.text_area :content, size: '50x20' %><br>
    <%= form.submit %>
<% end %>  

これで、コメントの入力フォームが表示されるようになっているはずです

次に、コメントの作成と削除を行うアクションを作成します

app/controllers/comments_controller.rbを作成します

class CommentsController < ApplicationController
    before_action :set_novel

    def create
        @post.comments.create! comments_params
        redirect_to @novel
    end

    def destroy
        @post.comments.destroy params[:id]
        redirect_to @novel
    end

     private
        def set_novel
            @post = Novel.find(params[:novel_id])
        end

         def comments_params
            params.required(:comment).permit(:content)
        end
end

foreman start -f Procfile.dev でローカルサーバを建てて、実際にコメントが作成&削除できていればOKです。

Stimulusでリアルタイムプレビューを実装

まず、app/javascript/controllers/novel_controller.jsを作成します

import { Controller } from "stimulus"

 export default class extends Controller {
    static targets = ["content", "preview"]

     content() {
        this.previewTarget.innerHTML = this.contentTarget.value
    }
} 

次に、app/views/novels/_form.html.erbを以下のように編集します

<div  data-controller="novel">
  <div class="form-left">
    <%= form_with(model: novel, local: true) do |form| %>
      <% if novel.errors.any? %>
        <div id="error_explanation">
          <h2><%= pluralize(novel.errors.count, "error") %> prohibited this novel from being saved:</h2>

          <ul>
            <% novel.errors.full_messages.each do |message| %>
              <li><%= message %></li>
            <% end %>
          </ul>
        </div>
      <% end %>

      <div class="field">
        <%= form.label :title %>
        <%= form.text_field :title %>
      </div>

      <div class="field">
        <%= form.label :content %>
        <%= form.text_area :content, 'data-target': 'novel.content', 'data-action': 'input->novel#content'  %>
      </div>

      <div class="actions">
        <%= form.submit %>
      </div>
    <% end %>
  </div>

  <div class="form-right">
    <h1>Content</h1>
    <div data-target="novel.preview"></div>
  </div>
</div>
  
<%= javascript_pack_tag 'application.js' %>

最後に、app/assets/stylesheets/novels.scssを以下のように修正します

// Place all the styles related to the posts controller here.
// They will automatically be included in application.css.
// You can use Sass (SCSS) here: http://sass-lang.com/

.form-left{
    width: 50%;
    float: left;
}

.form-right{
    width: 50%;
    float: right;
}

これでリアルタイムプレビュー機能が実装できました!

Trixでリッチなテキストエディターを使う

trixGemfileに追加します

gem 'trix'

その後、bundle install を実行します

bundle install

bundle installした後、app/assets/javascripts/application.js//= require trixを追加します

// This is a manifest file that'll be compiled into application.js, which will include all the files
// listed below.
//
// Any JavaScript/Coffee file within this directory, lib/assets/javascripts, or any plugin's
// vendor/assets/javascripts directory can be referenced here using a relative path.
//
// It's not advisable to add code directly here, but if you do, it'll appear at the bottom of the
// compiled file. JavaScript code in this file should be added after the last require_* statement.
//
// Read Sprockets README (https://github.com/rails/sprockets#sprockets-directives) for details
// about supported directives.
//
//= require rails-ujs
//= require activestorage
//= require trix
//= require turbolinks
//= require_tree .

次に、app/assets/javascripts/application.cssapp/assets/javascripts/application.scssにリネームして以下のように変更します

/*
 * This is a manifest file that'll be compiled into application.css, which will include all the files
 * listed below.
 *
 * Any CSS and SCSS file within this directory, lib/assets/stylesheets, or any plugin's
 * vendor/assets/stylesheets directory can be referenced here using a relative path.
 *
 * You're free to add application-wide styles to this file and they'll appear at the bottom of the
 * compiled file so the styles you add here take precedence over styles defined in any other CSS/SCSS
 * files in this directory. Styles in this file should be added after the last require_* statement.
 * It is generally better to create a new file per style scope.
 *
 *= require_tree .
 *= require_self
 */
 @import "trix";

@import "trix"; を追加しただけですね

最後に、app/views/novels/_form.html.erbapp/views/novels/index.html.erbapp/views/novels/show.html.erbapp/views/comments/_new.html.erbapp/views/comments/_comment.html.erbを以下のように変更します。

<div  data-controller="novel">
  <div class="form-left">
    <%= form_with(model: novel, local: true) do |form| %>
      <% if novel.errors.any? %>
        <div id="error_explanation">
          <h2><%= pluralize(novel.errors.count, "error") %> prohibited this novel from being saved:</h2>

          <ul>
            <% novel.errors.full_messages.each do |message| %>
              <li><%= message %></li>
            <% end %>
          </ul>
        </div>
      <% end %>

      <div class="field">
        <%= form.label :title %>
        <%= form.text_field :title %>
      </div>

      <div class="field">
        <%= form.label :content %>
        <%= form.hidden_field :content, id: :novel_content %>
        <trix-editor input="novel_content" data-target="novel.content" data-action="input->novel#content"></trix-editor>
      </div>

      <div class="actions">
        <%= form.submit %>
      </div>
    <% end %>
  </div>

  <div class="form-right">
    <h1>Content</h1>
    <div data-target="novel.preview"></div>
  </div>
</div>
  
<%= javascript_pack_tag 'application.js' %>
<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>

<h1>Novels</h1>

<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Title</th>
      <th colspan="3"></th>
    </tr>
  </thead>

  <tbody>
    <% @novels.each do |novel| %>
      <tr>
        <td><%= novel.title %></td>
        <td><%= link_to 'Show', novel %></td>
        <td><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_novel_path(novel) %></td>
        <td><%= link_to 'Destroy', novel, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %></td>
      </tr>
    <% end %>
  </tbody>
</table>

<br>

<%= link_to 'New Novel', new_novel_path %>
<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>

<p>
  <strong>Title:</strong>
  <%= @novel.title %>
</p>

<p>
  <strong>Content:</strong>
  <%= sanitize @novel.content, tags: %w(h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 ul ol li p a img table tr td em br strong div), attributes:  %w(id class href) %>
</p>

<h2>Comments</h2>
  <div id="comments">
    <%= render @novel.comments %>
  </div>

<%= render 'comments/new', novel: @novel %> 

<%= link_to 'Edit', edit_novel_path(@novel) %> |
<%= link_to 'Back', novels_path %>
<%= form_with(model: [ @novel, Comment.new ], remote: true) do |form| %>
    Your Comment:<br>
    <%= form.hidden_field :content, id: :novel_comments %>
    <trix-editor input="novel_comments"></trix-editor>
    <%= form.submit %>
<% end %> 
<p><%= sanitize comment.content, tags: %w(h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 ul ol li p a img table tr td em br strong div), attributes:  %w(id class href) %></p>
<p><%= link_to "Delete", "#{comment.novel_id}/comments/#{comment.id}", method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %> 

これで、リッチなテキストエディタが使用できるようになります。

Bootstrap4の適用

このままではデザインなどが簡素すぎるのでBootstrapを使いたいと思います。

まず、Gemfilegem 'bootstrap', '~> 4.2.1'gem 'jquery-rails'を追加し、bundle installします。

gem 'bootstrap', '~> 4.2.1'
gem 'jquery-rails'
bundle install

もし、gemの依存関係でうまくいかない場合は、bundle updateを実行してからbundle installを実行してください

bundle update
bundle install

その後、app/assets/javascripts/application.jsapp/assets/stylesheets/application.scssを下記のように変更します

// This is a manifest file that'll be compiled into application.js, which will include all the files
// listed below.
//
// Any JavaScript/Coffee file within this directory, lib/assets/javascripts, or any plugin's
// vendor/assets/javascripts directory can be referenced here using a relative path.
//
// It's not advisable to add code directly here, but if you do, it'll appear at the bottom of the
// compiled file. JavaScript code in this file should be added after the last require_* statement.
//
// Read Sprockets README (https://github.com/rails/sprockets#sprockets-directives) for details
// about supported directives.
//
//= require rails-ujs
//= require activestorage
//= require trix
//= require jquery3
//= require popper
//= require bootstrap-sprockets
//= require turbolinks
//= require_tree .
/*
 * This is a manifest file that'll be compiled into application.css, which will include all the files
 * listed below.
 *
 * Any CSS and SCSS file within this directory, lib/assets/stylesheets, or any plugin's
 * vendor/assets/stylesheets directory can be referenced here using a relative path.
 *
 * You're free to add application-wide styles to this file and they'll appear at the bottom of the
 * compiled file so the styles you add here take precedence over styles defined in any other CSS/SCSS
 * files in this directory. Styles in this file should be added after the last require_* statement.
 * It is generally better to create a new file per style scope.
 *
 *= require_tree .
 *= require_self
 */
 @import "trix";
 @import "bootstrap";

その後、config/boot.rbを以下のように修正します

ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] ||= File.expand_path('../Gemfile', __dir__)

ENV['EXECJS_RUNTIME'] = 'Node'

require 'bundler/setup' # Set up gems listed in the Gemfile.
require 'bootsnap/setup' # Speed up boot time by caching expensive operations.

これでBootstrapが使用できるようになりました。

最後に、app/views/layouts/_header.html.erbを作成し、app/views/layouts/application.html.erbでパーシャルとして呼び出します。

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
  <%= link_to "Novel Post", root_path, class: "navbar-brand" %>
  <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
  </button>
  <div class="dropdown">
    <button class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
      Menu
    </button>
    <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton">
      <%= link_to 'Novels', novels_path, class: "dropdown-item" %>
    </div>
  </div>
</nav>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>NovelPost</title>
    <%= csrf_meta_tags %>
    <%= csp_meta_tag %>

    <%= stylesheet_link_tag    'application', media: 'all', 'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload' %>
    <%= javascript_include_tag 'application', 'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload' %>
  </head>

  <body>
    <%= render 'layouts/header'%>
    <div class="container">
      <%= yield %>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

foreman start -f Procfile.devでサーバを起動し、ナビゲーションバーが表示されていればOKです。

ratyでの小説の評価機能

小説の投稿サイトですので小説の出来に対して評価がつけれるようにしたいと思います

実装にはratyを使用します

まず、Commentモデルにscoreを追加します

rails g migration AddScoreToComment score:integer

その後、rails db:migrateを実行します

rails db:migrate

次に、yarnを使ってraty-jsをインストールします

yarn add raty-js

app/assets/javascripts/application.jsapp/assets/stylesheets/application.scssraty-jsを読み込みます

// This is a manifest file that'll be compiled into application.js, which will include all the files
// listed below.
//
// Any JavaScript/Coffee file within this directory, lib/assets/javascripts, or any plugin's
// vendor/assets/javascripts directory can be referenced here using a relative path.
//
// It's not advisable to add code directly here, but if you do, it'll appear at the bottom of the
// compiled file. JavaScript code in this file should be added after the last require_* statement.
//
// Read Sprockets README (https://github.com/rails/sprockets#sprockets-directives) for details
// about supported directives.
//
//= require rails-ujs
//= require activestorage
//= require trix
//= require jquery3
//= require popper
//= require bootstrap-sprockets
//= require raty-js
//= require turbolinks
//= require_tree .
/*
 * This is a manifest file that'll be compiled into application.css, which will include all the files
 * listed below.
 *
 * Any CSS and SCSS file within this directory, lib/assets/stylesheets, or any plugin's
 * vendor/assets/stylesheets directory can be referenced here using a relative path.
 *
 * You're free to add application-wide styles to this file and they'll appear at the bottom of the
 * compiled file so the styles you add here take precedence over styles defined in any other CSS/SCSS
 * files in this directory. Styles in this file should be added after the last require_* statement.
 * It is generally better to create a new file per style scope.
 *
 *= require raty-js/lib/jquery.raty.css
 *= require_tree .
 *= require_self
 */
 @import "trix";
 @import "bootstrap";

次に、app/assets/javascripts/application.jsapp/controllers/comments_controller.rbapp/views/comments/_comment.html.erbapp/views/comments/_new.html.erbを以下のように変更します

class CommentsController < ApplicationController
    before_action :set_novel

    def create
        @comment = @novel.comments.create! comments_params
        @comment.update(:score => params[:score])
        redirect_to @novel
    end

    def destroy
        @novel.comments.destroy params[:id]
        redirect_to @novel
    end

     private
        def set_novel
            @novel = Novel.find(params[:novel_id])
        end

         def comments_params
            params.required(:comment).permit(:content)
        end
end
<p><%= tag.div('', class: 'score', data: {score: comment.score}) %></p>
<p><%= sanitize comment.content, tags: %w(h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 ul ol li p a img table tr td em br strong div), attributes:  %w(id class href) %></p>
<p><%= link_to "Delete", "#{comment.novel_id}/comments/#{comment.id}", method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %> 

<script>
$(function() {
    $('.score').raty({
        readOnly: true,
        score: $('.score').data('score'),
        starType: 'i'
    })
})
</script>
<%= form_with(model: [ @novel, Comment.new ], remote: true) do |form| %>
    <div class="novel_rate"></div>
    Your Comment:<br>
    <%= form.hidden_field :content, id: :novel_comments %>
    <trix-editor input="novel_comments"></trix-editor>
    <%= form.submit %>
<% end %>

<script>
$(function() {
    $('.novel_rate').raty({
        score: 5, 
        starType: 'i',
    })
})
</script>

これで評価機能が実装できました!

Deviseでのログイン機能

RailsにはDeviseというログイン機能などを簡単に実装できるgemがあります 今回はDeviseを使用してログイン機能を実装します

まず、Gemfilegem deviseを追加します

gem 'devise'

Gemfileに追加後、bundle installを実行します

bundle install

bundle install実行後、Deviseのインストールを行います

rails g devise:install
rails g devise:views
rails g devise users

上記のコマンドを簡単に説明すると

Userモデルを作成しましたので、rails db:migrateを実行します

rails db:migrate

次に、ナビゲーションバーにログイン画面などへのリンクを追加します

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
  <%= link_to "Novel Post", root_path, class: "navbar-brand" %>
  <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
  </button>
  <div class="dropdown">
  <button class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
    Menu
  </button>
  <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton">
    <%= link_to 'Novels', novels_path, class: "dropdown-item" %>
    <% if user_signed_in? %>
    <%= link_to 'Sign Out', destroy_user_session_path, class: "dropdown-item", method: :delete %>
    <% else %>
    <%= link_to 'Sign Up', new_user_registration_path, class: "dropdown-item" %>
    <%= link_to 'Sign In', new_user_session_path, class: "dropdown-item" %>
    <% end %>
  </div>
</nav>

user_signed_in?Deviseを導入したことでしようできるヘルパーメソッドになります これだけでユーザーがログインしているかどうかをチェックできます

<% if user_signed_in? %>ではユーザーがログインしている状態に表示する内容を記述しています。 <% else %>以降はログインしていない場合に表示する内容になります

これでログイン画面へのリンクなどが作成できました

本人しか投稿やコメントを削除できないようにしたい

次に、NovelCommentUserと紐づけて、投稿した本人しか削除できないようにします

rails g migrationコマンドを使用して新しいカラムをNovelCommentに追加します

rails g migration AddUserToNovel user:references
rails g migration AddUserToComment user:references

モデルに新しいカラムを追加したので、rails db:migrateでマイグレーションを実行します

rails db:migrate

そして、app/controllers/novels_controller.rbapp/controllers/comments_controller.rbを下記のように変更します app/controllers/novels_controller.rbapp/controllers/comments_controller.rbcreateアクションで現在ログインしているユーザーのIDを保存するようにしています

また、before_actioncheck_loginを呼び出してログイン状態と投稿者本人かどうかを判定しています ログインしていない又は投稿者本人でない場合は、localhost:5000/novels/1/editなどにアクセスしてもlocalhost:5000へとリダイレクトされます

class NovelsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_novel, only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]
  before_action :check_login, only: [:new, :edit, :create, :update, :destroy]

  # GET /novels
  # GET /novels.json
  def index
    @novels = Novel.all
  end

  # GET /novels/1
  # GET /novels/1.json
  def show
  end

  # GET /novels/new
  def new
    @novel = Novel.new
  end

  # GET /novels/1/edit
  def edit
  end

  # POST /novels
  # POST /novels.json
  def create
    @novel = Novel.new(novel_params)
    @novel.user_id = current_user.id

    respond_to do |format|
      if @novel.save
        format.html { redirect_to @novel, notice: 'Novel was successfully created.' }
        format.json { render :show, status: :created, location: @novel }
      else
        format.html { render :new }
        format.json { render json: @novel.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

  # PATCH/PUT /novels/1
  # PATCH/PUT /novels/1.json
  def update
    respond_to do |format|
      if @novel.update(novel_params)
        format.html { redirect_to @novel, notice: 'Novel was successfully updated.' }
        format.json { render :show, status: :ok, location: @novel }
      else
        format.html { render :edit }
        format.json { render json: @novel.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

  # DELETE /novels/1
  # DELETE /novels/1.json
  def destroy
    @novel.destroy
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html { redirect_to novels_url, notice: 'Novel was successfully destroyed.' }
      format.json { head :no_content }
    end
  end

  private
    # Use callbacks to share common setup or constraints between actions.
    def set_novel
      @novel = Novel.find(params[:id])
    end

    def check_login
      redirect_to :root if current_user == nil
    end

    # Never trust parameters from the scary internet, only allow the white list through.
    def novel_params
      params.require(:novel).permit(:title, :content)
    end
end
class CommentsController < ApplicationController
    before_action :set_novel
    before_action :check_login, only: [:edit, :create, :update, :destroy]

    def create
        @comment = @novel.comments.create! comments_params
        @comment.update(:user_id => current_user.id, :score => params[:score])
        redirect_to @novel
    end

    def destroy
        @novel.comments.destroy params[:id]
        redirect_to @novel
    end

     private
        def set_novel
            @novel = Novel.find(params[:novel_id])
        end

        def check_login
            redirect_to :root if current_user == nil
        end

        def comments_params
            params.required(:comment).permit(:content)
        end
end

あとは、app/views/novels/index.html.erbapp/views/novels/show.html.erbapp/views/comments/_comment.hmtl.erb、を以下のように変更することで実装は完了です!

Deviseのヘルパーメソッドのuser_signed_in?を使うことでログインしているかを判定しています また@question.user_id == current_user.idとすることで投稿した本人かどうかを判定しています

<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>

<h1>Novels</h1>

<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Title</th>
      <th colspan="3"></th>
    </tr>
  </thead>

  <tbody>
    <% @novels.each do |novel| %>
      <tr>
        <td><%= novel.title %></td>
        <td><%= link_to 'Show', novel %></td>
        <% if user_signed_in? && novel.user_id == current_user.id %>
        <td><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_novel_path(novel) %></td>
        <td><%= link_to 'Destroy', novel, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %></td>
        <% end %>
      </tr>
    <% end %>
  </tbody>
</table>

<br>

<% if user_signed_in? %>
<%= link_to 'New Novel', new_novel_path %>
<% end %>
<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>

<p>
  <strong>Title:</strong>
  <%= @novel.title %>
</p>

<p>
  <strong>Content:</strong>
  <%= sanitize @novel.content, tags: %w(h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 ul ol li p a img table tr td em br strong div), attributes:  %w(id class href) %>
</p>

<h2>Comments</h2>
  <div id="comments">
    <%= render @novel.comments %>
  </div>

<% if user_signed_in? %>
<%= render 'comments/new', novel: @novel %> 
<% end %>

<% if user_signed_in? && @novel.user_id == current_user.id %>
<%= link_to 'Edit', edit_novel_path(@novel) %> |
<% end %>
<%= link_to 'Back', novels_path %>
<p><%= tag.div('', class: 'score', data: {score: comment.score}) %></p>
<p><%= sanitize comment.content, tags: %w(h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 ul ol li p a img table tr td em br strong div), attributes:  %w(id class href) %></p>
<% if user_signed_in? && comment.user_id == current_user.id %>
<p><%= link_to "Delete", [@novel, comment], method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %> 
<% end %>

<script>
$(function() {
    $('.score').raty({
        readOnly: true,
        score: $('.score').data('score'),
        starType: 'i'
    })
})
</script>

ユーザー名を使う

作成した本人だけが削除できるようになりましたが、ユーザー名などが表示されていません

その為、誰が作成したのかがわかりません

そこで、userモデルにnameカラムを追加して作成したユーザー名が表示されるようにします

まず、rails g migrationコマンドを使用してUserモデルにnameを追加します

rails g migration AddNameToUser name:string

その後、rails db:migrateを実行します

rails db:migrate

次に、app/controllers/users_controller.rbapp/views/users/_form.html.erbapp/views/users/edit.html.erb app/views/users/show.html.erbを作成します

class UsersController < ApplicationController
    before_action :set_user, only: [:show, :edit, :update]

     # GET /users/1
    # GET /users/1.json
    def show
    end

     # GET /users/1/edit
    def edit
    end

     # PATCH/PUT /users/1
    # PATCH/PUT /users/1.json
    def update
      respond_to do |format|
        if @user.update(user_params)
          format.html { redirect_to @user, notice: 'User name was successfully updated.' }
          format.json { render :show, status: :ok, location: @user }
        else
          format.html { render :edit }
          format.json { render json: @user.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
        end
      end
    end

     private
      # Use callbacks to share common setup or constraints between actions.
      def set_user
        @user = User.find(params[:id])
      end

       # Never trust parameters from the scary internet, only allow the white list through.
      def user_params
        params.require(:user).permit(:name)
      end
  end 
<%= form_with(model: user, local: true) do |form| %>
    <% if user.errors.any? %>
      <div id="error_explanation">
        <h2><%= pluralize(user.errors.count, "error") %> prohibited this post from being saved:</h2>

         <ul>
        <% user.errors.full_messages.each do |message| %>
          <li><%= message %></li>
        <% end %>
        </ul>
      </div>
    <% end %>

     <div class="field">
      <%= form.label :name %>
      <%= form.text_field :name %>
    </div>

     <div class="actions">
      <%= form.submit %>
    </div>
  <% end %> 
<h1>Editing Name</h1>

<%= render 'form', user: @user %>

<%= link_to 'Show', @user %> |
<%= link_to 'Back', root_path %> 
<%= @user.name %>

 <% if current_user.id == @user.id %>
<%= link_to 'Edit Name', edit_user_path(@user) %>
<% end %> 

その後、config/routes.rbでルーティングを設定します

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  devise_for :users
  resources :users, :only => [:show, :edit, :update]
  root 'novels#index'
  resources :novels do
    resources :comments, :only => [:create, :destroy]
  end
  # For details on the DSL available within this file, see http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html
end

app/views/layouts/_header.html.erbにプロフィールへのリンクを追加します

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
  <%= link_to "Novel Post", root_path, class: "navbar-brand" %>
  <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
  </button>
  <div class="dropdown">
  <button class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
    Menu
  </button>
  <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton">
    <%= link_to 'Novels', novels_path, class: "dropdown-item" %>
    <% if user_signed_in? %>
    <%= link_to 'Profile', user_path(current_user), class: "dropdown-item" %>
    <%= link_to 'Sign Out', destroy_user_session_path, class: "dropdown-item", method: :delete %>
    <% else %>
    <%= link_to 'Sign Up', new_user_registration_path, class: "dropdown-item" %>
    <%= link_to 'Sign In', new_user_session_path, class: "dropdown-item" %>
    <% end %>
  </div>
</nav>

これでユーザー名を設定できるようになりました!

あとは、NovelCommentにユーザーの名前を保存できるautherカラムを追加します

rails g migration AddAutherToNovel auther:string
rails g migration AddAutherToComment auther:string

その後、rails db:migrateを実行します

rails db:migrate

あとは、app/controllers/novels_controller.rbapp/controllers/comments_controller.rbapp/views/index.html.erbapp/views/novels/show.html.erbapp/views/novels/_form.html.erbapp/views/comments/_comment.html.erbapp/views/comments/_new.html.erbを以下のように修正します

class NovelsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_novel, only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]
  before_action :check_login, only: [:new, :edit, :create, :update, :destroy]

  # GET /novels
  # GET /novels.json
  def index
    @novels = Novel.all
  end

  # GET /novels/1
  # GET /novels/1.json
  def show
  end

  # GET /novels/new
  def new
    @novel = Novel.new
    @novel.auther = current_user.name
  end

  # GET /novels/1/edit
  def edit
  end

  # POST /novels
  # POST /novels.json
  def create
    @novel = Novel.new(novel_params)
    @novel.user_id = current_user.id

    respond_to do |format|
      if @novel.save
        format.html { redirect_to @novel, notice: 'Novel was successfully created.' }
        format.json { render :show, status: :created, location: @novel }
      else
        format.html { render :new }
        format.json { render json: @novel.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

  # PATCH/PUT /novels/1
  # PATCH/PUT /novels/1.json
  def update
    respond_to do |format|
      if @novel.update(novel_params)
        format.html { redirect_to @novel, notice: 'Novel was successfully updated.' }
        format.json { render :show, status: :ok, location: @novel }
      else
        format.html { render :edit }
        format.json { render json: @novel.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

  # DELETE /novels/1
  # DELETE /novels/1.json
  def destroy
    @novel.destroy
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html { redirect_to novels_url, notice: 'Novel was successfully destroyed.' }
      format.json { head :no_content }
    end
  end

  private
    # Use callbacks to share common setup or constraints between actions.
    def set_novel
      @novel = Novel.find(params[:id])
    end

    def check_login
      redirect_to :root if current_user == nil
    end

    # Never trust parameters from the scary internet, only allow the white list through.
    def novel_params
      params.require(:novel).permit(:title, :content, :auther)
    end
end
class CommentsController < ApplicationController
    before_action :set_novel
    before_action :check_login, only: [:edit, :create, :update, :destroy]

    def create
        @comment = @novel.comments.create! comments_params
        @comment.update(:user_id => current_user.id, :score => params[:score])
        redirect_to @novel
    end

    def destroy
        @novel.comments.destroy params[:id]
        redirect_to @novel
    end

     private
        def set_novel
            @novel = Novel.find(params[:novel_id])
        end

        def check_login
            redirect_to :root if current_user == nil
        end

        def comments_params
            params.required(:comment).permit(:content, :auther)
        end
end
<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>

<h1>Novels</h1>

<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Title</th>
      <th>Auther</th>
      <th colspan="3"></th>
    </tr>
  </thead>

  <tbody>
    <% @novels.each do |novel| %>
      <tr>
        <td><%= novel.title %></td>
        <td><%= novel.auther %></td>
        <td><%= link_to 'Show', novel %></td>
        <% if user_signed_in? && novel.user_id == current_user.id %>
        <td><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_novel_path(novel) %></td>
        <td><%= link_to 'Destroy', novel, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %></td>
        <% end %>
      </tr>
    <% end %>
  </tbody>
</table>

<br>

<% if user_signed_in? %>
<%= link_to 'New Novel', new_novel_path %>
<% end %>
<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p>

<p>
  <strong>Title:</strong>
  <%= @novel.title %>
</p>

<p>
  <strong>Auther:</strong>
  <%= @novel.auther %>
</p>

<p>
  <strong>Content:</strong>
  <%= sanitize @novel.content, tags: %w(h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 ul ol li p a img table tr td em br strong div), attributes:  %w(id class href) %>
</p>

<h2>Comments</h2>
  <div id="comments">
    <%= render @novel.comments %>
  </div>

<% if user_signed_in? %>
<%= render 'comments/new', novel: @novel %> 
<% end %>

<% if user_signed_in? && @novel.user_id == current_user.id %>
<%= link_to 'Edit', edit_novel_path(@novel) %> |
<% end %>
<%= link_to 'Back', novels_path %>
<div data-controller="novel">
  <div class="form-left">
    <%= form_with(model: novel, local: true) do |form| %>
      <% if novel.errors.any? %>
        <div id="error_explanation">
          <h2><%= pluralize(novel.errors.count, "error") %> prohibited this novel from being saved:</h2>

          <ul>
          <% novel.errors.full_messages.each do |message| %>
            <li><%= message %></li>
          <% end %>
          </ul>
        </div>
      <% end %>

      <div class="field">
        <%= form.label :title %>
        <%= form.text_field :title %>
      </div>

      <div class="field">
        <%= form.label :auther %>
        <%= form.text_field :auther %>
      </div>

      <div class="field">
        <%= form.label :content %>
        <%= form.hidden_field :content, id: :novel_content %>
        <trix-editor input="novel_content" data-target="novel.content", data-action="input->novel#content"></trix-editor>
      </div>

      <div class="actions">
        <%= form.submit %>
      </div>
    <% end %>
  </div>

  <div class="form-right">
    <h1>Content</h1>
    <div data-target="novel.preview"></div>
  </div>
</div>

<%= javascript_pack_tag 'application.js' %>
<p><%= comment.auther %></p>
<p><%= tag.div('', class: 'score', data: {score: comment.score}) %></p>
<p><%= sanitize comment.content, tags: %w(h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 ul ol li p a img table tr td em br strong div), attributes:  %w(id class href) %></p>
<% if user_signed_in? && comment.user_id == current_user.id %>
<p><%= link_to "Delete", [@novel, comment], method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %> 
<% end %>

<script>
$(function() {
    $('.score').raty({
        readOnly: true,
        score: $('.score').data('score'),
        starType: 'i'
    })
})
</script>
<%= form_with(model: [ @novel, Comment.new ], remote: true) do |form| %>
    <div class="novel_rate"></div>
    Your Name:<br>
    <%= form.text_field :auther %><br>
    Your Comment:<br>
    <%= form.hidden_field :content, id: :novel_comments %>
    <trix-editor input="novel_comments"></trix-editor>
    <%= form.submit %>
<% end %>

<script>
$(function() {
    $('.novel_rate').raty({
        score: 5, 
        starType: 'i',
    })
})
</script>

これで小説を投稿したユーザー名やコメントの作成者の名前が保存されるようになります! これで小説投稿サイトは完成です!

ライセンス

MITライセンス